The Wattled Crane, one of Africa’s most endangered bird species, has been downlisted from Critically Endangered to Endangered in South Africa—an important milestone for conservation. This achievement is the result of decades of dedicated efforts by the Endangered Wildlife Trust (EWT) in partnership with the International Crane Foundation, Ezemvelo KwaZulu-Natal Wildlife (EKZNW), farmers, landowners, and other conservation organisations.
A Conservation Success Story
The change in the Wattled Crane’s conservation status will be reflected in the latest IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, set for publication in May 2025. In 2015, only 267 Wattled Cranes were recorded in KwaZulu-Natal’s annual aerial survey, conducted in partnership with Eskom and Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife. By 2024, that number had increased to 304—still a small and vulnerable population, but one that is no longer in decline.
KwaZulu-Natal remains the species’ stronghold in South Africa, and conservation efforts have been crucial in stabilising its numbers. While South Africa has seen success, the global population of Wattled Cranes continues to decline, making it imperative to extend conservation measures beyond national borders.
The Power of Targeted Conservation
This regional downlisting follows the successful reclassification of the Cape Vulture from Endangered to Vulnerable in 2021, a result of similar targeted conservation initiatives. The EWT’s African Crane Conservation Programme, which began in 1994, has played a key role in these victories through a combination of:
- Long-term population monitoring and ecological research
- Power line impact mitigation in collaboration with Eskom
- Supporting farmers and landowners to protect key breeding sites
- Conservation of critical habitats through sustainable land management
- Community education and engagement on crane conservation
- Biodiversity Stewardship Programmes to secure vital landscapes
Harnessing Technology for Conservation
Recent advancements in tracking and mapping technology have further strengthened conservation efforts. By deploying GPS transmitters on Wattled Cranes, researchers can now study the movement patterns of non-breeding individuals, helping to identify new conservation priorities. Additionally, drone mapping of wetlands is enhancing the understanding of the hydrogeomorphology of key habitats, aiding in their restoration and expansion.
Efforts in Mpumalanga are also expected to provide crucial data on potential connectivity between different Wattled Crane populations across provinces, ensuring a more cohesive conservation approach. Biodiversity Stewardship Schemes, supported by long-term funding through carbon trading in grassland ecosystems, will further secure the landscape these cranes depend on.
A Tribute to Conservation Partners
The success of the Wattled Crane’s recovery would not have been possible without the unwavering support of conservation funders and partners. The EWT has extended its gratitude to key donors, including the Dohmen Family Fund, Rand Merchant Bank, and Eskom, whose support over the past three decades has been instrumental in sustaining these efforts.
“The downlisting reflects the effort that has been placed on the species over the last 30 years and highlights the importance of collaboration in protecting not just a species, but the grasslands and wetlands habitats that we all depend on,” said Dr. Damian Walters, South African Regional Manager for the African Crane Conservation Programme.
The Road Ahead
While the Wattled Crane’s downlisting is a momentous achievement, the work is far from over. With the global population still in decline, ongoing conservation efforts must be expanded and strengthened. By continuing to work hand-in-hand with stakeholders, conservationists hope to secure a future where these iconic birds thrive beyond their current strongholds.
For more updates on Wattled Crane conservation and how you can get involved, visit the Endangered Wildlife Trust at www.ewt.org.za.
Feature image by Fabrice Stober
